Why Do Gums Bleed When Brushing?
Noticing a bit of blood when you brush your teeth can be worrying — but it’s also a common early sign that your gums need more care. Healthy gums shouldn’t bleed, so if yours do, it’s worth understanding what might be causing it and what you can do to stop it.
1. The Most Common Cause: Gum Inflammation (Gingivitis)
The leading reason gums bleed when brushing is gingivitis - the earliest stage of gum disease. It’s usually caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that builds up around your teeth and gums.
If plaque isn’t removed effectively by daily brushing and flossing, it irritates the gums, making them red, swollen, and more likely to bleed when touched. The good news? Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional cleaning.
2. Brushing Too Hard or Using the Wrong Toothbrush
Some patients assume harder brushing equals cleaner teeth - but it can actually do the opposite. Using too much pressure or a toothbrush with hard bristles can damage delicate gum tissue, leading to bleeding and recession over time.
Switch to a soft-bristled toothbrush and use gentle circular motions. Electric toothbrushes with pressure sensors can also help protect your gums.
3. Skipping Flossing or Cleaning Between Teeth
If you don’t clean between your teeth regularly, plaque builds up in the tight spaces, eventually irritating the gums and causing them to bleed once you start flossing again.
Stick with it! Slight bleeding when you first start flossing is common and usually settles within a week as the gums become healthier.
4. Other Contributing Factors
Hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or puberty) can make gums more sensitive.
Certain medications, like blood thinners, can increase bleeding.
Vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin C or K, may also play a role.
Smoking can mask the signs of gum disease - once you stop, your gums may bleed more temporarily as circulation improves.
5. When to See a Dentist
If your gums bleed regularly, appear puffy or dark red, or your breath smells unpleasant, you may have early gum disease. Left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which can cause permanent damage to the bone and tissues supporting your teeth.
A professional scale and polish removes the hardened plaque (tartar) that brushing alone can’t. Your dentist or hygienist will also check for signs of gum disease and guide you on improving your home care routine.
6. Tips to Keep Your Gums Healthy
Brush twice daily for two minutes using fluoride toothpaste.
Clean between your teeth daily with floss or interdental brushes.
Visit your dentist and hygienist regularly.
Maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated.
Avoid smoking, which restricts blood flow to the gums.
In Summary
Bleeding gums are a warning sign, not something to ignore. In most cases, it’s your body’s way of telling you that your gums are inflamed or being brushed too harshly. With the right care, healthy, firm, and pink gums can be restored.
If you’ve noticed persistent bleeding or tenderness, book a dental check-up with Dr Martin Zunde. Early treatment and tailored advice can make all the difference to your long-term oral health.
